Reciprocal IVF for Same-Sex Couples: Shared IVF Explained

Key Takeaways

• Reciprocal or Shared IVF allows both partners in a same-sex couple to participate biologically in the pregnancy: one by donating eggs, the other by carrying the pregnancy.
• This method is reliable and effective, often showing strong success rates compared to traditional IVF.
• Every couple’s situation is unique, and fertility care providers can help evaluate whether Reciprocal IVF or other options best meet your family-building goals.

What Is Reciprocal or Shared IVF?

“Reciprocal” IVF, also called “shared” IVF or “shared maternity,” enables both partners in a same-sex couple to actively participate in the pregnancy journey. One partner provides eggs, which are fertilized with donor sperm, and the resulting embryos are transferred into the other partner’s uterus, who carries the pregnancy.

This method has grown in popularity among lesbian couples and those assigned female at birth, offering a meaningful way for both partners to be involved in prenatal development. Couples may choose this approach to share parenthood or for medical reasons, such as selecting the partner with the highest ovarian reserve as the genetic parent and the partner with the best uterine health as the gestational parent.

Compared to other IVF treatments, Reciprocal IVF has shown promising success rates, making it a great option for many couples.

The Three Steps of Reciprocal IVF

Egg Retrieval

The process begins with safely extracting eggs from one partner’s ovaries. To boost the chances of a successful IVF cycle, the donating partner receives hormone injections that stimulate the ovaries and speed up egg maturation.

When the eggs are nearly mature, a final hormone injection is administered about 36 hours before retrieval. The eggs are then carefully removed using a thin ultrasound-guided needle inserted into the ovary under anesthesia.

Fertilization

Retrieved eggs are fertilized with donor sperm, either from a known or anonymous source. Couples may choose to fertilize only some of the eggs initially, freezing the rest for future use or as a backup. Embryos develop in a laboratory for several days before transfer or freezing.

Embryo Transfer

The partner who will carry the pregnancy takes medications to prepare the uterus for embryo transfer. The procedure, which typically takes under 10 minutes, uses a catheter to place a single embryo into the uterus. If implantation occurs, the pregnancy will progress like any other pregnancy.

Success Rates of Reciprocal IVF

A 2023 analysis of research on Reciprocal IVF treatments found that their success rates are comparable to or even higher than those of traditional IVF. One possible reason for this higher success rate is that couples opting for Reciprocal IVF often do so because of their relationship dynamics, whereas many cisgender heterosexual couples turn to IVF to address infertility or other health issues affecting conception.

Another study published in LGBT Health Journal found that even after considering factors like age, body mass index, and the number of mature eggs, Reciprocal IVF still showed significant improvements in all outcomes. The odds of a live birth were more than three times higher with Reciprocal IVF. Cumulative pregnancy and live birth rates were also higher with Reciprocal IVF, with live birth rates at 66.1% compared to 43.4%.

Insurance Considerations

Coverage for Reciprocal IVF varies widely depending on location and insurance plan. Some states and insurance providers are expanding definitions of infertility to be more LGBTQ inclusive, which may increase coverage options. Couples should review their individual plan and discuss options with their fertility care provider.

Is Reciprocal IVF Right for You?

Reciprocal IVF or shared maternity allows same-sex couples to both participate biologically in creating a child, which can be a deeply meaningful experience. Other options, such as intrauterine insemination (IUI) with donor sperm, may be less intensive and a better fit for some families.

Ultimately, the best choice depends on your unique situation, health considerations, and family goals. Working closely with a fertility care provider ensures you make an informed decision using the most relevant and up-to-date information.

Bottom Line

Reciprocal IVF offers same-sex couples a unique chance to participate in the family building process, combining medical advancements with personal involvement. Many find it an invaluable path to parenthood.

Our doctors have extensive experience helping LGBTQ+ singles and families achieve their dreams of parenthood. Your journey begins with a consultation to discuss your unique needs and goals, allowing you and your doctor to collaboratively create a personalized treatment plan. Contact our office to schedule your appointment.

Clinically reviewed by Stephanie Rothenberg, MD